GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
B.E. (Chemical Engineering)
CH 604 Process Equipment Design-1
| Sr. No. | Subject | Teaching Scheme (Hrs.) | Exam Scheme (Marks) | ||||||
| Lect | Tut | Pract | Theory 3 Hrs. | Sessional | T/W | Oral | Total | ||
| CH-604 | Process Equipment Design-1 | 3 | - | 4 | 100 | 50 | 25 | 50 | 225 |
1. Process design of piping, Fluid moving devices and Flow meters: Introduction, Process design of piping, process design of Fluid moving devices, evaluation of Centrifugal pump performance when handling viscous liquids, Power required in Fan, Blower and adiabatic compressor, flow meters, Process design of Orifice meter, Rotameter etc.
2. Process design of Heat exchangers: Shell & Tube heat exchangers, General design method of shell & tube heat exchanger, Criteria of selection between Horizontal and vertical condenser, Condensation with non-condensable, Multi-component condensation, Process design of Reboilers and vaporizes, Tinker’s flow model, air cooled heat exchangers and air heaters, plate heat exchangers, spiral flow heat exchangers etc.
3. Process design of Distillation Column: Introduction, Criteria of selection, Selection of equipment for distillation, Distillation column design, Batch distillation etc.
4. Process design of Absorbers: Introduction, Criteria for selection, Design of packed tower type absorber, Process design of Spray chamber or spray tower type absorber, Venturi Scrubber, Process design of falling film absorber.
Text Books:
1. “Introduction to Process Engineering and Design” by S B Thakore and B I Bhatt, tata McGraw Hill, 1st Edition, 2007.
Reference Books:
1. Mass Transfer Operations - Robert E. Treybal, Third edition.
2. Process Equipment Design for Petrochemical Plants - R.E.Ludwig
3. Chemical Engineering - Vol. 6 - Richardson & Coulson.
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY
B.E. (Chemical Engineering)
CH 605 Instrumentation and Process Control
| Sr. No. | Subject | Teaching Scheme (Hrs.) | Exam Scheme (Marks) | ||||||
| Lect | Tut | Pract | Theory 3 Hrs. | Sessional | T/W | Pract | Total | ||
| CH-605 | Instrumentation and Process Control | 4 | - | 4 | 100 | 50 | 25 | 50 | 225 |
Process Control
1. Introduction: Steady state system, Process control, Feedback control, transient response, proportional control. Integral control, block diagram, parts of control system.
2. Laplace transforms: Definition, transforms of simple functions, ramp functions, sine functions, solutions of differential equations. Inversions of transform function by partial fractions, qualitative nature of solutions. Final value and initial value theorems, translation of transforms, transforms of unit impulse functions, transforms of integral.
3. Response of First Order Systems: Mercury thermometer, transient response of step functions, sinusoidal input, impulse functions.
4. Physical examples of first order systems: Liquid level, mixing process, RC circuit, linearization.
5. Response of first order system in series: Non-interacting system of liquid level, generalization of several non-interacting systems in series, interacting systems.
6. Second order systems: Development of transfer functions, damped vibrator, liquid manometer, thermometer in thermo pocket, step response of e<1, e>1, e=1, overshoot, decay ratio, rise time, response time, period of oscillation, natural period of oscillation, impulse response, impulse response for e<1,e>1,e=1,sinusoidal response, transportation lag.
7. The control systems: Block diagram, negative and positive feedback, servo problem v/s regulator problems, development of block diagrams, process measuring element, controller, final control element.
8. Controllers and final control elements: Control valve, proportional controlling, on off control, proportional integral (PI) control, proportional derivative (PD) control, proportional integral derivative (PID) control, motivation for addition of integral and derivative modes, block diagram of chemical reactor control system.
9. Closed loop transfer functions: Standard block diagram symbols, overall transfer function for single loop system, overall transfer function for change in load, overall transfer function for multiloop control system.
10. Transient response of simple control systems: Proportional control for Set point change (Servo Problem), Proportional control for load change (Regulator Problem), Proportional integral control for load change, Proportional Integral control for set point change, Proportional control for system with measurement lag.
11. Stability: Concept of stability, definition of stability (linear system), stability criterion, characteristic equation, Routh test for stability, Routh array theorems of rough test, Nyquist stability criterion.
12. Frequency response analysis: Fortunate circumstances, transportation lag, Bode diagrams, first order system, first order system in series, graphical rules for Bode diagrams.
13. Control system design by frequency response: Tank temperature control systems, Bode stability criterion, Ziegler Nicholas controller settings, transient response phase margin, magnitude ratio, phase shift open loop Bode diagrams of various controllers.
14. Controller Mechanism: Actual v/s Ideal controller, electrical controller mechanism PI, PD & PID controllers, phase angle plots, integral controllers, pneumatic controller mechanism baffle nozzle, proportional controller mechanism, analysis, PI control, PD control, PID control, relay, bellows, interaction in the three modes of controllers, hydraulic controller mechanism, hydraulic integral controller, hydraulic power supply, hydraulic proportional integral control.
15. Setting of different modes of controllers: Frequency response Bode plots, controllers tuning based on Bode plots, Nyquist diagram, Root locus method, Reaction curve method, Search techniques.
16. Final control element: Pneumatic actuators, electro pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, flow through control valves, control valve characteristics, linear type, non linear of decreasing sensitivity and equal percentage type, control valve.
17. Control of complex processes: Control of distillation tower, interaction of control system, choice of different modes of control, cascade control, feed forward control, combined feed forward feedback system, dead time compensation, control of heat exchanger.
18. P & I Process & Instrumentation Diagrams
Ø Symbols
Ø Process Variables
Ø Effective variables for process variables
Ø Details of sensors (Electrical/Mechanical/Pneumatic) / Transducers
Ø Communication system(Junction box/ Field box/ Tag Indication/ Wire system/ Wire less system)
Ø Controlling and indicating systems. (Manually/ Automatic)
Ø Annunciation (Present situation/ Critical situation)
Ø Preparation of control loop for P & I diagram and wiring.
19. Introduction of
Ø Data Acquisition System
Ø Programmable Logic Control
Ø Distributed Control system
Process Measurement
20. Introduction: - Elements of instruments, parts of instruments, static and dynamic characteristics.
21. Temperature Measurement: - Scales, Expansion thermometers like constant volume gas, mercury in glass, bimetallic, filled system thermometer like pressure spring thermometer, static accuracy of thermometer, response of thermometer, dip effect in thermometer, errors in thermometer of liquid and gas filled type like cross ambient effect, head effect, methods of compensation. Thermoelectric temp. Measurement: Thermo couples, laws of thermo electricity, material of construction of lead wires, thermal well response of thermocouple, thermocouple circuit for various measurement situations, null potentiometer circuit. Resistance thermometer: materials for bulb circuits, null bridge etc., deflection resistance thermometer, thermometers etc. Pyrometers: laws of radiation, radiation energy distribution, radiation receiving element, radiation pyrometer, photo electric pyrometers, optical pyrometers, errors in optical pyrometers.
22. Pressure Measurement: Liquid column manometer, enlarged lag manometer, well manometer, inclined tube manometer, ring manometer, tilting U tube manometer, bourdon gauge, bellows, diagram pressure elements, bell differential pressure gauge, bellows differential pressure gauge, pneumatic balance pressure differential elements, electric pressure gauge slack and corrugated diaphragm liquid seals, volumetric seals, steam gauge siphon, purge system. Vacuum Measurement: Ionization gauge, large bulb McLeod gauge, pirani vacuum gauge, thermocouple vacuum gauge, installation of pressure measuring instruments.
23. Liquid level measurement:- direct measurement, float and tap, float and shaft, hydraulic remote transmission, bubbler system, diaphragm & air trap system, differential pressure manometer, float and spring, pneumatic balance, displacement float, magnetic float gauge, sonic type detector, nuclear radiation detector, oscillator type detector, electrode, system, photo electric cell system, measurement of level of solid, fixed point devices.
24. Flow Measurement:- Head flow meter, orifice plate, installation and orientation of heat flow meter, flow nozzle, venturi tube pitot tube, differential pressure meter, electric type head flow meter, bellows type meter, rotameter, piston type area meter, positive displacement meter, design, installation and calculation of orifice plate, velocity approach factor, flow meters for corrosive fluid, mutating piston meter, dallatube meter, gas flow meter, weirs and flames, electromagnetic flow meter.
25. Density Measurement:- liquid level method, displacement meters, hydrometer.
26. Viscosity Measurement:- viscosity meter, continuous viscosity meters, capillary type visco meters, rotating bowl type viscometer.
27. Humidity Measurement:- Psychomotor method, wet bulb and dry bulb thermometer, hygrometer method, dead point method, electrolytic water analyzer.
28. pH Measurement:- electrode for ph measurement, calomel reference electrode, measuring circuits.
29. Gas analysis:- thermal conductivity cell, resistance bridge, chromatography, paramagnetic oxygen analyser, chemical absorption type, infra red absorption type, chromatography.
Practical and Term-work:
Experiments based on the above topics
Text Books:
1. "Process System Analysis & Control",Coughanower and Kappel, Mc Graw ill Book Company.
2. "Process Control", A. Pollard, Hoinemanm Educational Books London.
3. "Industrial Instrumentation",Donald P Eckman, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York.
Reference Books
1. " Automatic Process Control", Donald P Eckman.
2. Applied Instrumentation for process industries (Gulf Published company Vol.- 1,2,3,4 by W.C.andrews
3. Instrumentation Engineers Handbook Process control B.G.liptak(Chilton book company `
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