College of engineering in gujarat

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

B.E. (Chemical Engineering)

CH 803 Elective - II

Sr. No.	Subject	Teaching Scheme (Hrs.)			Exam Scheme (Marks)
		Lect	Tut	Pract	Theory 3 Hrs.	Sessional	T/W	Prac / Oral	Total
CH-803	Elective - II	3	-	-	100	50	-	-	150

Elective II A : Biotechnology

1. A Little Microbiology

2. Chemicals of Life

3. The Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions

4. Applied Enzyme Catalysts

5. Metabolic Stoichiometry and Energetics

6. Molecular Genetics and Control Systems

7. Kinetics of Substrate Utilization

8. Product Field

9. Biomass Production in Cell Cultures

10. Transport Phenomena in Microbial Systems

11. Design and Analysis of Biological Reactors

12. Instrumentation and Control

13. Product Recovery Operations

14. Bioprocess Economics

15. Analysis of Multiple Interacting Microbial Populations

16. Reactors with Multiple Cell Populations

17. Process Application

Text Books:

1. James E. Bailey, David F. Ollis, “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals” NewYork, 2nd ed, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070032122.

Elective II B : Energy Technology

1. An Introduction to Energy Sources

energy sources (conventional & non-conventional), renewable energy resources, primary & secondary energy sources, energy chain, energy demand, national energy strategy & plan, energy management, energy audit & conservation

2. Definitions, Units & Measures

proximate & ultimate analysis, calorific values, rank of coal, coking & caking, gasification, basis for reporting results of analysis, units & conversion factors

3. Solid Fuels

wood & charcoal, peat, lignite, sub-bituminous & bituminous coals, semi-anthracite and anthracite coals, cannel & boghead coal, origin of coal, composition of coal, analysis & properties of coal, problems

4. Processing of Solid Fuels

coal preparation, washability curve, dry & wet washing methods of coal, washer efficiency, gasification & liquefaction of solid fuels, problems

5. Solar Energy

solar constant, solar radiation & related terms, measurement of solar radiation, solar energy collectors – flat plate collector, air collector, collectors with porous absorbers, concentrating collectors, applications & advantages of various collectors, selective absorber coatings, solar energy storage systems (thermal, electrical, chemical & mechanical), solar pond, applications of solar energy

6. Wind Energy

basic principles, power in wind, force on blades & turbines, wind energy conversion, site selection, basic components of wind energy conversion systems (WECS), classification of WECS, wind energy collectors, applications of wind energy

7. Energy from Biomass

introduction, energy plantation, biomass conversion technologies, photosynthesis, biogas generation, factors affecting biogas generation, classification of biogas plants & their comparisons, types of biogas plants (including those used in India), biogas from plant wastes, community plants & site selection, digester design considerations, design calculations, methods of maintaining & starting biogas plants, properties & utilisation of biogas, thermal gasification of biomass, pyrolysis, alternative liquid fuels

8. Geothermal Energy

geothermal resources, hydrothermal resources, liquid dominated systems, geopressured resources, petrothermal systems, magma resources, energy conservation & comparison with other resources, applications of geothermal energy

9. Energy from Oceans

OTEC, methods (open cycle & close cycle) energy from tides, components of tidal power plants, operation, methods of utilisation of tidal energy, storage, ocean waves, wave energy conversion devices

10. Fuel Cell

introduction, hydrogen – oxygen fuel cell, ion exchange membrane cell, fossil fuel cell, molten carbonate cell, advantages & disadvantages, conversion efficiency, polarisation, type of electrodes, applications of fuel cells

11. Hydrogen & Methanol

properties of Hydrogen, production of hydrogen, thermochemical methods, fossil fuel methods, solar methods, storage & transportation, safety & management

12. Magneto Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) Power Generation

principle, MHD system, open cycle system, closed cycle system, design problems & developments, advantages, materials for MHD generators, magnetic field & super conductivity

13. Nuclear Energy

fission, fusion, fuel for nuclear fission reactor (exploration, mining, milling, concentrating, refining, enrichment, fuel fabrication, fuel use, reprocessing, waste disposal), storage & transportation, fast & slow neutrons, multiplication factors & reactor control, uranium enrichment process, nuclear reactor power plant, fast breeder reactor, boiling water reactor, pressurised heavy & light water reactor

Text Book

1. Energy Sources 2^nd Ed. by G. D. Rai

Khanna Publications, New Delhi

2. Fuels & combustion by Samir Sarkar

Orient Longmans(1974)

3. Solar Energy by Sukatame

Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

4. Energy Technology by Rao & Parulaker

Elective II C : Biochemical Engineering

1. A little microbiology

Ø Biophysics the Doctrine

Ø The structure of cells

Ø Important cell types

2. Chemicals of life

Ø Lipids

Ø Sugars and polysaccharides

Ø From nucleotides to RNA and DNA

Ø Amino acid into proteins

Ø Hybrid Biochemicals

Ø The hierarchy of cellular organization

3. The kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed reaction

Ø The Enzyme-substrate Complex and enzyme Action

Ø Simple enzyme kinetics with one two substrates

Ø Determination of Elementary-step rate constants

Ø Other patterns of substrate concentration dependence

Ø Modulation and regulation of enzymatic activity

Ø Other factors influencing enzyme activity

Ø Enzyme deactivation

Ø Enzyme reaction in heterogeneous systems

4. Applied Enzyme Catalysis

Ø Application of hydrolytic enzymes

Ø Other applications of enzymes in solution

Ø Immobilized-enzyme technology

Ø Immobilized-enzyme kinetics

5. Metabolic Stoichiometry and Energetics

Ø Thermodynamics principles

Ø Metabolic reaction coupling: ATP and NAD

Ø Carbon catabolism

Ø Respiration

Ø Photosynthesis: Tapping the ultimate source

Ø Biosynthesis

Ø Transport across Cell Membranes

Ø Metabolic organization and Regulation

Ø End Products of metabolism

Ø Stoichiometry of cell growth and product formation

6. Molecular Genetics and Control Systems

Ø Molecular genetics

Ø Alteration of cellular DNA

Ø Commercial application of microbial genetics and mutant population

Ø Recombinant DNA technology

Ø Growth and reproduction of a single cell

7. Kinetics of substrate Utilization, Product Formation, and Biomass Production in Cell Cultures

Ø Ideal reactors for kinetics measurements

Ø Kinetics of balanced growth

Ø Transient growth kinetics Structured kinetic models

Ø Product formation kinetics

Ø Segregated kinetic models or growth and product formation

Ø Thermal –death kinetics of cells and spores

8. Transport phenomena in bioprocess Systems

Ø Gas-liquid mass transfer in cellular systems

Ø Determination of oxygen transfer rates

Ø Mass transfer for freely rising or falling bodies

Ø Forced convection mass transfer

Ø Overall k_la’ Estimates and power requirement for sparged and agitated vessel

Ø Mass transfer across free surfaces

Ø Other factors affecting k_la’

Ø Non Newtonian fluids

Ø Scaling of mass transfer equipment

Ø Heat transfer

Ø Sterilization of gases and liquids by filtration

9. Design and analysis of Biological reactors

Ø Ideal bioreactors

Ø Reactors dynamics

Ø Reactors with non ideal mixing

Ø Sterilization reactors

Ø Immobilized biocatalysts

Ø Multiphase bioreactors

Ø Fermentation technology

Ø Animal and plant cell reactor technology

10. Instrumentation and Control

Ø Physical and chemical sensors for the medium and gases

Ø On-line Sensors for cell properties

Ø Off-line analytical methods

Ø Computers and interfaces

Ø Data analysis

Ø Process control

Ø Advanced control strategies

11. Product Recovery operations

Ø Recovery of particulates: Cells and solids particles

Ø Product isolation

Ø Precipitation

Ø Chromatography and fixed bed adsorption: batch processing with selective adsorbates

Ø Membrane separations

Ø Electrophoresis

Ø Combined operations

Ø Product recovery trains

12. Bioprocess Economics

Ø Process economics

Ø Bio-product regulation

Ø General fermentation process economics

Ø A compete example

Ø Fine chemicals

Ø Bulk oxygenates

Ø Single cell protein

Ø Anaerobic methane production

13. Analysis of Multiple Interacting Microbial Populations

Ø Neutralism, mutualism, commensalisms, and amensalism

Ø Classification of interaction between two species

Ø Competition: survival of the fittest

Ø Predation and parasitism

Ø Effects of the number of species and their web of interactions

Ø Qualitative stability

Ø Spatial patterns

14. Mixed Microbial Populations in Applications and natural Systems

Ø Uses of well- defined mixed populations

Ø Spoilage and product manufactures by spontaneous mixed cultures

Ø Microbial participation in the natural cycles of matter

Ø Biological waste water treatment

Text Books:

(1.)“Bio-chemical Engineering Fundamentals”J.E. Bailey, D.F.Ollis, 2nd Edition, 1986.

Reference Text-book:

(1.) “Bio-chemical Engineering” S. Alba, A.E. Humphery, N.F. Mills, 2nd Edition.

(2.) “Bio-chemical Reactors” B. Atkinsons (1974).

(3.) “Bioprocess Engineering", Shuler, F Kargi, Prentice Hall.

(4). "Biochemical Engineering" J.M. Lee, Prentice Hall.

Elective II D : Cryogenic Engineering

Introduction to cryogenic systems like cryogenic refrigeration system and cryogenic liquification system.

Introduction to cryogenic plants and equipments.

Introduction to design and system engineering to cryogenic plants and components.

Applications areas of cryogenics, Methods of producing, Cryogenic temperatures & energy/exergy considerations,

Gas liquification process, commercial liquifiers & cryogenic refrigerators, cryogenic recovery & purifications of industrial gases, thermo-physical properties at cryogenic temperature, process design considerations for cryogenic separations , storage & transporation of cryogenic fluid, cryogenic insulators & vacuum technology, measurement techniques & instrumentations, materisals of constructions & their behaviour at cryogenic temperature.

Text Books:

(1.) Cryogenic systems by R.F. Barron.

(2.) Cryogenic fumdamentals by G.G. Haseldin.

(3.) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering by K.D. Timmerhans.

Reference books.

1. Cryogenic Systems, Barron, Mcgraw Hill Book Co.

2. Theory And Design Of Cryogenic Systems : A.Arkherov

3. Cryogenic Process Engineering Timmerchand & Flynn

4. Cryogenic laboratory Equipments:A.J Croft

5. Advanced Cryogenics: Bailey, hasseldon

Elective II E : Piping Engineering

1. Piping fundamentals:

a. Definitions of absolute viscosity, adhesive joints, alloy steel, annealing.

b. Piping components: pipe and tube products, pipe fittings, valves- categories, valve design, pressure relief devices, traps, strainers, expansion joints, gaskets.

c. Piping materials: material properties of piping materials, chemical and mechanical properties of metals, degradation of service materials and its measurements, material specifications.

d. Piping Codes and standards: ASME section I to XI, ANSI, ASTM, AGA, API, AWWA, AWS, ARI, ASHRAE.

e. Manufacturing of metallic pipe: ferrous and non-ferrous pipe making

f. Fabrication and installation of piping systems: fabrication drawings, fabrication practices, installation-erection planning, cold spring, joint alignments, cutting, bending, welding, heat treatment and examination, mechanical joints, tubing, pipe supports, leak testing.

2. Hierarchy of design:

a. FIRST STAGE-contract specification, codes and standards, design criteria, calculation, system description, system flow diagram, P&ID, SECOND STAGE-design specification, procurement specification, erection specification, physical design drawing, stress analysis, THIRD STAGE-field change request, nonconformance report, start-up field report.

b. Design bases: use of codes and standards in piping system design, piping joints, loading condition, sizing of pipe system.

c. Piping layout: piping layout consideration, CAD of piping layout.

d. Stress analysis of piping system: classification of load, service limits and code requirements, methods of analysis.

e. Piping support: determination of support location, load and movements, type of pipe support

f. Heat tracing of pipe support.

g. Thermal insulation of piping: design condition, economic optimization of energy conservation, heat flow calculation. Service consideration for-hot oil, heat transfer fluid, steam, hot and cold water, liquefied gases. Different type of insulation material and selection.

h. Flow of Fluid: basic fluid property, steady single phase incompressible and compressible flow in piping, and its application to steam, and sir system. Single phase flow in nozzle, venture tubes and orifice. Steady two-phase flow –regimes, models for two phase flow. Transient flow analysis. water hammer, pump NPSH transient.

3. Piping Systems:

a. Water system piping, codes, design temperature, pipe sizing criteria, effect of velocity, wall thickness selection, material.

b. Fire protection system

c. Steam system piping: types of steam and design

d. Oil pipeline system: codes, standards, liquid petroleum pipe system, hydraulic design, route selection

e. Gas system piping design

f. Chemical and Refinery piping system design

g. Refrigeration piping system design

h. Toxic and hazardous piping system design

i. Slurry and sludge piping system design

j. Thermoplastic piping system design

4. Material compatibility chart for selection of piping material

5. Use of software for piping system design of Flow sheet.

Practical and Term Work:

Experiments based on above topics should be given to the students.

Text Books:

1. Mohinder L. Nayyar, “Piping Handbook”, 6^th Edition, McGrawHill Inc.

Elective II F : Nanotechnology in Chemical Engg. –II

Nanotechnology for Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology for Energy, Nano-biotechnology, Functional Materials, Advance topics in Nanoscience: Nano-chemical Reaction Engineering, Nanofluidics, Green Product design and Nanotechnology, Environmental impact of Nanomaterials, Photonic Crystals, Ultra fine Photolithography, CVD, Nanofabrication of Organic film; Application.